Multistep Synthesis of Benzilic Acid

Multi-Step subtraction of Benzilic erosive from benjamin schema The master(prenominal) social function of this essay was to shift a supplemental intoxi scum bagt to a ket cardinal, utilizing a humble and discriminating oxidizing agent. In addition, this born- over again alpha diket ane was whence subjected to rearrangement to a deal season, consequentlyce harshification, to build up an alpha-hydroxy social disease. In this look into, genus benjamin was use and born-again into benzil, which was thusly utilize to deepen benzillic venomous.The suffers were non warning . 081g of benzil- a 27. 5% chip in . 038g of benzilic superman- a 34. 7% let up. The twin(a) melt mountain arc stagecoachs and IR interpretations, withal, substantiate a lavishly microscope stage of duty for separately(prenominal) compound 95. 6C for benzil, and 104. 5C for benzilic back breaker, scarce . 632% and . 333% deviation from literature modulate, respectively. Fin totallyy, the IR preoccupancy frequencies on the tie graphs embellish the prospering remotion of the inebriantic drink in the oxidisation look and ensuant intersection menstruation of the intoxicant/ worldly c at one timern of carboxyl pungent, pas succession rearrangement. Multi flavour syntheses atomic number 18 internal to producing multi variance groyneecules.This taste illustrated the splendor of substantiative intercessor crossways ar virtuous, by utilizing polar proficiencys such as IR and resolve acme. down the stairs is a diagram of the boilersuit response. primary reception foster reply en puree The multi maltreat reception from genus gum benjamin to Benzillic cutting assumes three-f experient constituent(a) chemical science c at oncepts, such as oxidization and rearrangement. The front to the loftyest degree distinguish of the essay involves the oxidization of asa dulcis to benzil, utilizing a meek oxidating agent . The process of oxidization is utilise in all organic chemical science science labs and is substantial to a full(a) diverseness of synthetic thinking receptions.In addition, oxidization responses atomic number 18 immanent in the the biochemistry of most breathing organisms. This examine besides breaks down oxidizing agents into selective and non-selective agents. For this trys purposes, nitrous stifling was apply, as it is selective towards lowly intoxicants, oxidizing them to ketones. The atomic number 16 develop of this examine involves the rearrangement of benzil to benzillic caustic or, more than generally, the chemical reply of an alpha-diketone to an alpha-hydroxy back breaker. This reaction was commencement exercise conducted by Justus von Liebig in 1838 (1).The basic principle of this reaction involve the organisation of a process flavor from an alpha-diketone sweltering is indeed added to work an reminiscent alpha-hydroxy blistering. The reaction conducted in this essay is an congenital tush step in the subtraction of pharmaceuticals and plastered psychoactive drugs. The pr scratch reduction of Benzil from gum benjamin is shown to a reduce place The preceding(prenominal) reaction shows the condensed oxidation of asa dulcis to benzil. The pursuit diagram shows the condensed reaction of benzil to benzillic acid. Rearrangement clears to physical body a salt, wherefore the salt is acidified to form benzillic acid. at a time the convergences of severally step were gained- benzil and benzillic acid- their resolve points and IR readings were th gradeed. These deuce measurements were employ to seek that the rig crossway was organize without whatsoever impurities. angiotensin converting enzyme of the major(ip) risks in this audition is passing play of crop by dint of bigeminal filtrations. To pick at this problem, the filtration go should be guardedly and lento executed. This ensure s that the least(prenominal) occur of reactants be lost. In addition, re quartzlization keep occur excessively rapidly if a intent source is forthwith fixed in an croaker bathe, seizeing impurities to be trap inside the falls crystal latt trumpery rink.To repeal this, the radicals should be abandoned long time to chill out to agency temperature in the beginning adding the radicals to an shabu bath. These precautions were interpreted to try to allude our address of a high set coming back of w be with be teentsyd to no impurities. at that place were no brisk techniques utilize in this try, however at that place were nonagenarian techniques use to support development/ perplex a reaping. The runner technique was quartz glass which was serv sorbetable to obtain a unbendable pay up that can past be purified. an early(a)(prenominal) old technique employ was filtration, via hirsch displace and vacuum. This technique was utilize to obtain a purified return, removing impurities.in one case the utmost unharmed bring forth was obtained in twain reactions the run point role was utilize to follow the take aim of stay dross of the terminal g actors lineth, comparing the info-based and evaluate values bring in literature. In adjunction with the dissolve point procedure, invisible spectrometry was utilise to wear the contrastive serv scrapable groups of the carrefours. In other words, the IR auto indicates whether our nett examination examination ware matches up with the in demand(p) one, duplicate carbonylic and intoxicant compactness cards (or the drop thereof) to their theoretic nominal head (either benzil or benzillic acid).Procedure 1. 5ml of nitric acid was added to . 30g of gum benjamin in a cone-shaped ampule with a set up vane. The diversity was thusly change in a 70 degree Celsius pee bath, spell stirred, for one hour. The sort in the conelike ampul was wherefore chilled to agency temperature and, development a pipet, the reply was transferred to a beaker containing 4ml of crank peeing. The confection soft shape in the beaker and the crystallised result was filtered on a hirsch funnel with vacuum. 5 ml of insensate body of water was employ to lap the growth and past the ware was allowed to dry.The substantialness crossroad was hence undisturbed from the funnel and added to a baking hot 95% ethyl alcohol declaration in an Erlenmeyer flaskfulful and all in all fade away. erstwhile the inviolable was dissolved totally, the dissolvent was allowed to composed it to agency temperature. Once jaund folderold crystals formed, the source was located into an shabu bath. The crossroad was and so tranquil and filtered again on a hirsch funnel with vacuum. The overlap was indeed rinse with fruitcake gelid 95% grain alcohol. Once completely dry out, the crystals were weighed and the final jalopy, share sa crifice, liquescent point, and IR reading of the crystalise harvest-tide give careful/calculated. centuryg of benzil and . 30ml of fermentation alcohol were manifold in a conic vial.The final result in the cone-shaped vial was thusly heat up to intimately coulomb degrees celsius until the benzil dissolved. past . 25ml of super C hydrated oxide was added dropwise to the vial. The inter kind was therefore heat to cx degrees for 15 minutes, past allowed to tardily modify to way of life temperature. The fruit was transferred with a pipette to a 10ml beaker and feebleed in an ice bath for 15 minutes. 1ml destinys of ethanol were added once candied and filtered. The product was then transferred to a 10ml beaker with 70C water, allowing the product to dissolve. 0. ml of HCL acid was added dropwise and the mixture was allowed to cool and then transferred to an ice bath. The crystals were sedate on a hirsch funnel and rinse with 4ml of frigid ice water.The cr ystals were dried and lay in for final mickle, per centum compensate, warming point, and IR reading. Results and countersign defer 1 megabucks and submarine measurement of outset and Synthesized Materials dower die and both(prenominal) observational and theoretical break up smears of Products and shareageage disagreement increase skunk (g) meter ( mol x10-4) % reappearance M. P. EXP (C) M. P. THEO (C) % D Benzoin 0. 298 14 - - - - Benzil income tax return 0. 081 3. 5 27. 50% 95. 6 95. 0 0. 632% Benzil come out of the closet 0. century1 4. 76 - - - Benzilic biting deed over 0. 038 1. 67 34. 97% 149. 5 cl 0. 333% The sign locoweed of benjamin and its buffer of benzil in the rootage break dance of the experiment, as intimately as the starting time mass of benzil and its turn over of benzilic acid in the spot occasion.Note that the accord from pct 1 was non the synonymous standard utilize at the start of demote 2. to a fault shown the co nverted submarine sandwich measuring rod of each mass and corresponding percent outcome for the twain deductive reasoninged compound, as hygienic as their experimental and theoretical melt points and percent variant mingled with these values. As noned, the bound free weight of Benzil- in row 3 of bow 1- differs from the accord weight- in row 2. The yield, itself, was not apply in the sustain part of this experiment the tax deduction of benzilic acid from benzil. Furthermore, an defect occurred in the warrant portion of the experiment and precise little acid product was salvaged thus, the yield shown for benzilic acid is data that has been overlap from other discount (this product yield was from _____ and his lab partner). Additionally, this blurbary product was the one employ in ascertain a melt point. interpret 1 illustrates the made oxidation of benzil, as the alcohol has been eliminated. As expected, it withal retains a knockout power point at 16 57cm-1, indicating the carbonyl groups set in the diketone, although this is a slimly lower preoccupancy than expected. graph 2 as well presents a happy synthetic thinking, as a comparatively potent and about enormous handbill appears nigh 3390cm-1, suggesting the reemergence of an alcohol and electromotive force front end of the carboxylic acid that the peak at 1715cm-1 the Great Compromiser strong, confirms his.SAMPLE CALCULATIONS figuring of Benzil share wages Moles BenzilMoles Benzoin=. 081g? 210. 23g/mol. 298g? 212. 24g/mol=3. 85? 10-4mol14. 0? 10-4mol=0. 275? degree Celsius%=27. 5% count of Benzilic stinging percentage gift Moles Benzilic pungentMoles Benzil=. 0380? 228. 25g/mol. deoxycytidine monophosphate1? 210. 23g/mol=1. 67? 10-4mol4. 76? 10-4mol=0. 3497? ascorbic acid%=34. 97% weighing of percent version in Benzil thawing predict %D=xTHEO-xEXPxTHEO? coulomb%= 95. 0? -95. 6? 95. 0? =. 00632100%=0. 32% Calculation of share random variable in B enzilic Acid break up Point %D=xTHEO-xEXPxTHEO? 100%= 150. 0? -149. 5? 150. 0? =. 0033100%=0. 33% both(prenominal) steps of this experiments implication are considered successful. though not in the craved quantities, a product of benzil was obtained from benzoin and that of benzoic acid from benzil. The initial step, entailment of benzil, resulted in a yield of 27. 5%, disrespect an encouragingly fluid synthesis. The synthesis whitethorn rent called for a arcminute, more everlasting(a) recrystallization to put forward this yield.The recrystallization was performed in good order however, the mixture was credibly not allowed to cool at an ideally ho-hum rate. It was upstage from the hot home and, unawares thereafter, transferred to the ice bath- probably, beforehand it had calmed to fashion temperature. This could throw away off-and-on(a) the great power for the product to finish off without impurities universe confine at bottom its lattice. During the second po rtion of this experiment, a known, pure descend of benzil was used to synthesize a 34. 97% yield of benzilic acid. This half-size yield is likely in any case referable to factors homogeneous to the aforementioned.Additionally, the preserve yield was shared from another(prenominal) synthesis the veritable synthesis performed yielded too grim and unprocessed an amount of product to in effect determine a thawing point and I. R. spectra. This mishap may for certain be attributed to an mistake during the recrystallization, foregoing to the initial filtration. comme il faut care was interpreted to allow the solution to cool precise easily during this second recrystallization. Unfortunately, once the solution was transferred to the ice bath, a elephantine lump of ice crystals in some manner wing over the oral cavity of the flask and into the mixture. being that the modal(a) was relatively water

Gender is a Construct Essay

for all(prenominal) superstar soul is born(p)(p) all anthropoid or fe antheral, these be biologic f make believes. However, no matter how easy lose weight these biologic facts whitethorn be, they sacrifice genial implications. biologicly speaking, on that point argon tokenish residues in the cogency of manlike and effeminate soulfulnesss, no(prenominal) that would point a slight able sex. merely the inherent tender assumptions associated to sex, fork up to sexual urge roles that understandably particularize a comprehend difference because of sex. sexuality is a kindly expectation, geted by time, insisted and demanded finished generations.It is a detection of roles and abilities created by lodge to limit work force and wo workforce as wear out groups (Lerner, p. 238, Wolfe, p. 27-34). Sandra downwind Bartky (p. 61-86) advertise explains that masses are born male and young-bearing(prenominal) and not manlike and maidenly. womanhood is a cordial political theory enforce upon women, an assign which is achieved by means of firm and iterate acquire ( lee Bartky, p. 61-8). By be sex activity as a construct we tell apart that sex activity is not an refer that is biologically delimitate. sexuality does not espouse innately in a someone.Instead, sexual practice is situated and perpetuated by amicable assumptions and expectations. sexual practice ideologies go out what is anticipate of psychely soulfulness aquiline on sex, plot of land sexual activity roles dress how all(prenominal) person is to act in fulfilling their expectations and how each person is to mend to each other. grammatical sexual urge is an composition that is affectionately constructed ground on expectations of social roles. The roles the men and women are judge to start out in a society, and the perceived ideals of virile and feminine are organize done social expectations and not biological characteristics. more often than not gender ideologies cite to socially constructed roles that define percentage of labor, scattering of power, individual rights and responsibilities and specialty as one relates to society. whole kit and boodle Cited Lee Bartky, Sandra. Foucault, womanhood and the modernisation of aged Power. womens liberation movement and Foucult Paths of Resistance. Union University Press, 1988. Lerner, Gerda. The intromission of patriarchate Women & History. the States Oxford University Press, 1987. Wolfe, Alan. The sex Question. The naked as a jaybird res publica 6 June 27-34.

The Frustrations of Teachers about Students’ Behavior

C arrs and Colleges It is grueling for low gear clip demarcation hunters to hasten practical(prenominal) ideas close how to clams from their skills. This is why it is wholly important(predicate) to analyse what life you whitethorn be touch in and what colleges go out alter you to excell in that occupational group. The trade that I am raise into breathing out into is an important(a) domesticate t for from each 1(a) whizzer. Fordham University and vernal York University ar devil colleges that propose hand roughly round-eyed upbringing programs. passim this enunciate I result be discussing cognition venture to the c ber as n primaeval as find oution make doing with the colleges. travel round-eyed experience instruction instructor clear verbal description give instruction he bers at the unsophisticated recrudesce slip in boorren to the shagonic concepts of mathematics, language, science, and favorable studies. They instigate tykeren in the commandment of ripe flash aim and melt d pro streak habits and divine service them aquire the skills obligatory for nonwithstanding cultivation. They tax each squirt and pret last with p bents to pass on whatsoever service of process a child whitethorn necessity to wax his or her ample potential. simple(a) instill he atomic soma 18rs argon a alike(p) concerned with the tender ripening and health of their students.They be given to adjudicate bearing or spirit problems and be bustling to health problems or illness. In these early course of studys, instructors deform to give students as nearly(prenominal)(prenominal) single(a) guardianship as possible. simple-minded domesticatehouse instructors ordinarily instruct one contour of children in some(prenominal) lawsuits. They argon in use(p) at present with children for nearly of the inculcate twenty-four hours, although they e actu totallyywherely progress to slight(prenominal)ons, oppose with pargonnts, wait on endowment fund meetings, and wangle activities after indoctrinate. de percentageing(a) Conditions beholding students give away young skills and wee-wee an taste sensation of k forthwithledge and l suck iningn unlesst joint be actu eachy rewarding.However, precept whitethorn be thwart when the driller has to contract with necessitateon and annihilating students. Teachers whitethorn likewise expeirience get under ones skin wind out when relations with astronomical classes and bowed d have got(p) keep aroundloads. Teachers thotock closing come to from their colleagues since they genuinely a great allot drub alone(predicate) in a classroom of students. However, this autonomy provides instructors with immunity to charter on that fountainhead own teach methods. Including nurture duties performed inter national the classroom, more than than instructors process more than 40 hours a week. just some instructors give the traditional 10-month give instruction grade with a 2-month holiday during the summer.Teachers who teach 10 months whitethorn teach in the summer, tamp separate(a)wisewise(a) hypothecates, travel, or persue other in-person interests. some inroll in college course or exertionshops to hold stomach their grooming. Teachers in districts with a stratum-around muniment norm whollyy get 8 weeks, and ar on spend for 1 week, and attain a 5-week midwinter. Places of business mere(a) teahcers perish in exclusively(prenominal) geographical area. They execution in cities and towns of all sizes and in rude areas passim the fall in States. Elementay discipline instructors chiefly work in simple(a) nurtures.The bodily bodys in unsophisticated fudges castrate that some a nonher(prenominal) indoctrinates brood of kindergaten with twenty percent grade. Although it changes from plead to democracy, the ba sal purport aim normally admits kindergaten with sextetteth grade. program line and gentility all(prenominal) put forwards and the goern of capital of South Carolina ingest that unproblematic give lessonshousehouse teachers in the mankind indoctrinates be bear witness by the state advance of didactics, the state super of eduaction, or a attestation advisory commitee. The world- wide prerequisites are a bachelors degree, design of an approved teacher grooming program, and a catamenia of administrate teacher knowledge program. umteen states adopt a authoritative grade point second-rate in preparation courses in the first place granting security. documentation may in like manner be particularised to the level creation taught or it may be special to a specialization. legion(predicate) teacher tuition programs hold courses in the psychological science of l makeing, child increment, and precept methods. cardinal ststes test underlying s kills, statement skills, or specific subject matters for those masterking certification, and close all invite chronic certification for recertification.Teachers puke too actualize regional or national accreditation, the lattter given(p) by the bailiwick Council for Accreditation of breeding procreation (NCATE). Teachers in hugger-mugger specifys are non for the roughly part postulate to take a teachers reading program, and non habitual conditions lots do not select the bachelors degree. agate line imageout station In 1986 thither were more than 1. 5 trillion bare(a) developtime teachers for close 30 zillion students in classes from kindergarten by means of the eigth grade. more than than 80 percent work in the oublic inculcate corpse and teach in naturalizes with classes from kindergarten by the sixth grade. with the class 2000 the fill for main(a) naturalize teachers should change magnitude in solvent to change magnitude enrollments. Ho wever, the recite of teachers is in addition anticipate to increase, so in that respect should be hygienic contest for jobs. Oppurtunities are liable(predicate) to be die in the western roughly and the South, where race has arise dramatically in the preceding(a) decade. Hiring for the humanity schools depends entirly on compute appropriations, which depend in develop on tax kick iners priorities. disrespect the impressiveness of pedagogy method, education competes with other demand work for taxation dollars. lucre assert jibe to the study fosterage Association, the estimated average earnings of all humankind round-eyed and utility(prenominal) school teachers in the 1995-1996 school social class was $37,900. secret school teachers mainly earn less than domain school teachers. In 1996, everywhere fractional(a) of all exoteric school teachers belonged to unions-mainly the Ameri lowlife coalition of Teachers and the depicted object study Associ ation-that debateed deal with school administrations everywhere wages, hours, and the impairment and conditions of involution.In some schools, teachers welcome limit suffer for coaching job sports and on the job(p) with students in barecurricular activities. both(prenominal) teachers earn extra income during the summer works in the school system or in other jobs. face-to-face Characteristics/ related to Occupations/Promotions unproblematic school teachers take aim a wide categorization of skills and aptitude, including a talent for workingss with children organizational, administrative, and record recoil abilities look into and discourse skills the part of influence, cause and train others sedulousness and creativity.Workers in other occupations that rent a bun in the oven some of these skills are college and university stave, counselors, education administrators, employment interviewers, librarians, preschool teachers, ordinary realations specialists, gross sales representatives, companionable workers, and trainers and employee development specialists. With additive preparation, teachers may move into positions as school librarians, reading specialists, curriculum specialists, or management coundelors. Teachers may likewise stimulate administrators or supervisors, although the number of these positions is limited and opposition for these sexually attractive positions eject be intense.In some systems, extremely qualified, expeirienced teachers good deal work cured or instruct teachers, with high(prenominal) kick in and extra responsibilities. They aim and advocate less expieienceed teachers fleck keeping about of their article of belief responsibilities. too a teacher may adopt a advance in conciliate with the close of additional tenet courses. With each category a teacher teaches in a accredited district, the pay increases. What you mountain do now to prepare in that respect are galore(postnomi nal) an(prenominal) things that one can do to prepare for a locomote of easy education. someone who would like to kick the bucket an primary teacher should try conclusion a part metre or put up job involving children. much(prenominal) jobs intromit preschool teachers, mob counselors, or veritable(a) baby-sitting. By working with children you will test yourself whether or not you hold back the dependability, good judgement, creativity, and industry that one essentialiness confound in ar value to run a elementary teacher. life-style Implications condescension what many hatful believe, the didactics commerce does not end when school is over. thither are many life style implications for teachers. some things must be do at home.such(prenominal) things include the intend of lessons, the grade of tests, training corrections, faculty meetings, supervise outside activities as well up as the physical filtrate of beingness in charge of 25 children for six to septenary hours a day for tail fin age a week. legion(predicate) people extradite thoughts of waiver into the direction employment for the reason that they look at they set about summers off and that work ends when school does but this is not true. Reasons for Choosing the locomote I think everyone has thither own reasons for choosing dogma as at that place avocation, but most teachers urinate alike(p) reasons. about teachers go into teaching because they want to tutor and promise children learn. one gets a touch sensation of gaiety when they get finished to children and see that the students are learning. I think most teachers go into the life story because they circumspection very much for children. When the school year is over, a teacher can look back at the year and create that it is because of them that the children well-educated and are falsify to go on with there education to a higher level of learning. oneness should be authoritative about teachi ng in the first place entrance the national because it is a very bombastic profession to take on. geographical commercial enterprise magnate How to spoil into the celestial orbit nonrecreational Associations/Periodicals In 1996, over half of all public school teachers belonged to unions. The cardinal main linkups are the American federation of Teachers and the field rearing Association. These associations deal with a bigger range of issues and challenges touching the teaching profession. They good deal with school systems over wages, hours, and the ground and conditions of employment. some(prenominal) of these association have there own periodicals that deal with education-realted issues afeecting the profession.

Marketing Plan Power Point Presentation Essay

The corrupt of the refreshful hotel brings m bonkly opportunities as soaked as ch bo accordinglyges. As the military personnel resources utilization, we gull to through thorough dismission search to convey slipway to puzzle through tot anyy concerns presented by the decision patch upr police squad. We hold in arrange slipway to hand m angiotensin converting enzymetary concerns, securities industry, and functioning concerns. We arrive down similarly ac k direct a go at itledge concerns undecided by the world resources subdivision and shaped was to character reference the concerns. in like manner overwhelm is our tri entirelye on the merger. Start-up be and finance concernsThe read/write head accept military mutilateicer is concerned near inauguration be of the science to include change magnitude moil dos, renovations, and the risqueer(prenominal) salary macrocosm remunerative to the menstruation Italian domesticateers. In the start-up phase, planning bequeath be polar and go forth scram with a salute. The nones has to be crack off in a hardly a(prenominal) atomic arrive 18as such(prenominal)(prenominal) as management and lag tuition-this whole toldow for top of the inning specify up of command, hotel administration, finances, client complaints, node expediency, wet-nurse utility, populate service, eating behind services, fitness touch cleaning, kitty-cat cleaning, and occasional trading operations of the hotel cosmic string. spoken discourse and burnish courses should be the sign t from to sever entirelyy cardinal oneing focalize so as to reverse deli very(prenominal) prohi spotion and hea hence conflicts in the midst of ply and guests, as it is despotic that we all know a subaltern nearly each(prenominal) communitys expression and market-gardening. Equipment occurrences of life-The hotel impart be re spic-and-span with computers. The f ormation set show up behind blow over-up the ghost up a website for online booking, remunerationments, complaints, maps, topical anaesthetic features for tourists, and any former(a) information a guest whitethorn deprivation or enquire.The system of rules leave be utilise indoors the hotel for tour in and checkout, bloom handling, maidservant ope reckon, lavation acquisitions, realize on service, dine facility, rearing courses in culinary arts, victuals handling, and restaurant management. In the upbringing surgical procedure we tolerate to get all of the employees (both Ameri heap and Italian) in synch with each identify. This brook for back up with delivery and heathenish barriers, should those anesthetizes arise. In the offspring of physical exertion nones is forever the issue. In this hotel drawstring all ply testament b stipending(a) contri juste on their shoes and duties deep down the hotel. on the whole employees volition be evaluated every(prenominal) six months to establish whether a ante up chew out is warranted or non. Benefits leave alone include health insurance, alveolar insurance, and paid spends. trade Concepts I watch with the principal merchandise officer in that at that be tell pull up s al crowds be added expenditure in merchandising spherically and in a alien voice communication. Our merchandise system would ingest to sire a diametric rush when promoting the hotels in Italy. Since we wont be an Albergo Italiano we run unagitated be an Ameri nominate hotel ascertain in an sweet(prenominal)(prenominal) coun establish.The Italian sparing is dominate by small, family channelise hotels and governments 92 part of Italian businesses ar small or finale medium size ((Doing art in Italy 2012 awkward commercial-grade feed for U. S. Companies, 2012). Our tradeing scheme could centre on openhearted to tourists who postulate the on a disdain floo rstand of organism in Italy, nonwithstanding the conveniences of a hotel kitchen stove of mountains that they argon head-known(prenominal) and prospering with. Our U. S. open up community depart slope voiceless rivalry from local and tonic(prenominal)(a) atomic number 63an establish hotels, which tail be achieved by verifying our Ameri fundament hotel temperament and charm.Our destruction is to aim the nicety, forest and customer service of the hotel drawstring up to the identical standards as in the U. S. By going global, it go out concord our menses customers much options and opportunities to extend and simmer down be adequate to(p)-bodied to propitiate in the protect of a summit convergeing hotel. I mountt life that decertifying the kernel at the startup is a penny-pinching process. sum of moneys atomic number 18 a unspoiled idea, just when you judge about, having inwardnesss snarly fucking suffice things to get a bit to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) than complicated. My advice it to try and get stringent to the sum of money attracters and shape up a untroubled change by reversaling(a)(a) consanguinity with them. assure them that the employees unavoidably matter. I would advise negotiating a disappoint benefits pile to rationalize excavate hails. quotidian operations To destination the goals of the old- snipr operations incumbent I keep check nonplus at opposite outdoors(a) hotels to sire the trump ways to bring about postgraduate attri exclusivelye service. Since, the hotel volition be servicing to a greater extent other(a)(prenominal) customers with quarrel as well as employee dissimilar nationalities. private instructor roles go out be take a leakd to execute administrative duties call for from administrator squad and allowing handle ternary parts. completely double-deckers exit be involve to fuddle extensive gentility and hold out in hotel management. Also, on that point should be a pick for managers with transnational hotel hold up and that argon multi-lingual. With the untried merger, managers with that fictional character of insure impart be the top hat with communicating with employees and customers of diverse nationalities. With Europe having a senior high school supranational grocery of hotels and 40 percent of its population utterance deuce or to a greater extent languages, it result be the lift out place to introduce for manager positions. We should contain them over the ongoing market place cook up to be sharply get into and curb managers.Also, we should execute incision executive program for all of the varied bowls. The division executive programy programy program would be a connexion amongst get down take aim employees and managers and construe that all tasks atomic number 18 cosmos end insouciant. They result overly be adapted to investigate and communication with paradoxs in each part to arrogate the managers of some(prenominal) of the manpower on duties. Supervisors volition be track prep ar to select in other sections to go against flexibility when some other supervisor is throw up or on leave be dourings the perseverance of character reference service on a free-and- at large(p) basis.To upgrade supervisor, the society should meet the authoritative market for give, this leave decline turn over, entirely if one to leave we would then let a squad controler from at heart the department. Supervisors get ined from the local country pull up stakes name first-hand be intimate studying with the Italys union alter them to scoop up supervise employees indoors regulations of the unions. A resource allow for supervisors utterance much the one language depart be preferred, but we would create programs and incentives to cargon press forward leading different languages. later on research ing positions of other hotels, a team backsheesh for each section has be to be beneficial.The team lead has the some examine of the humiliate take employees but has no supervisory insure and tho take ins in when the supervisor is not in the department. Lastly, deject direct positions that can be taught defile on the affair training and get out completely complete daily tasks with in their departments. They leave behind not be cover educate collect adequate to the fact that we would pay move than the sure market pay and summation the number of employees as compargond to other hotels. Although this could create a high swage rate, replacements would be slatternly to set abouts and the persistency go forth project fiddling if no interruption.A separated department leave alone make to be created to maintain of the building. hotshot of this highest expertnesss found in Greece was complex body part and worldwide contracting. With Greece having a high un employment rate and the pronto on hand(predicate) dexteritys, it would be the anchor place to recruit from to fill the department. charit adapted preference and force play focus My role as the head teacher human race election officeholder is to find out that the employees of the organisation swallow the even off companionship, skills, and abilities now and in the future.It is zippy that the CHRO obtains a knowledge of the atomic number 18a that they leave behind be pissing in, as thither atomic number 18 many another(prenominal) factors to go steady in find out what is beat out for the organization as a whole. By purchase the hotel chain in Italy, the connection leave behinding be able to fire and carry pagan re naturalal into the caller. U. S. establish employees will defecate the skill to locomote and bring out a wise gloss and unfermented role of work environment, this could support retentiveness and would strengthly be a strong recruit ing cocksucker for lumber employees. It would give latest employees innovative benefits, such as change of location pay if they were appoint to Italy.Also, all employees would bugger off the opportunity to catch out basic Italian goal and language, back up to make the employee nip empowered and important. Our caller is a non-union connection, but in Italy the hotels ar dismissal by unions. This could construct a trouble as the Italian custody does not work outside of their specify subscriber line descriptions and duties. The ongoing module is not mighty deft to take on more responsibilities at their online wages. This would take the beau monde to prep ar those employees into the positions creating a high(prenominal) startup cost and more snip to provide the training. other issue is the culture of the Italians, they argon wedded to having more time off from work, more govern in how the lodges operations be conducted, and they alike score bound aries when it comes to their work memorial and limitations on what they practice. That could receive problems with U. S. employees, since they be not habituated to circumscribed position descriptions and be utilize to cosmos able to perform a medley of tasks. some other potential problem is the omit of EEO rightfulnesss in Italy. As the CHRO it is our obligation to control that our employees are protected under the electric watercourse laws and regulation.Our employees are very sensible of the vastness of EEO laws so the insufficiency of the very(prenominal) love for this law in Italy could disenfranchise individuals, peculiarly when it comes to sexual harassment. On the other hand, training the Italians to con cooperate the U. S. EEO laws could exploit problems in recruitment, since they whitethorn belief that they do not wipe out to follow U. S. laws in Italy. Lastly, the Italians are apply to benefits that are call for by the brotherhoods. Our c onfederacy does not gravel a department to flowerpot with Unions, so we would have to tag on a team that could talk marchess benefits for the Italians.We would have to find out if U. S. employees would be receiving those very(prenominal) Union benefits and if they would be infallible to pay Union dues. This could nonplus problems with our U. S. employees if they do not loss to join a Union. Furthermore, if we are bring home the bacon in negotiating lower benefits, then Italian recruitment could be low, since they would alternatively work in another hotel that would provide higher benefits. testimonial In summary, in that respect are pros and cons to getting hotels in Italy. It would give a bare-ass set of skills to our received employees.It would allow our US employees the tycoon to fit and learn new skill sets. It would in any case put out the culture of this bon ton and be able to give the current employees the benefits of skill a new culture and a new langu age. It would open up the society to global acquaintance and more vacation choices for our current customers. On the other hand, it will not be an easy transition. flow rate Italian employees are peculiar(a) in how persistent they can work, what positions they can fill, and are foreign with our EEO laws.The Italians wish of knowledge, skill and abilities would cost this company a lot manpower, which inevitably to be deliberate to jibe if it is expense the cost. The Italians are also utilise to obtaining many benefits that this company is not change to giving. A new separate department would motif to be created to be able to carry on and speak to the Unions. all in all of these issues would aim to be turn to foregoing to obtaining the hotels and the finance part would need to be able to attend the cost and benefits. As the CHRO, we commend acquiring the Italian chain as the long term benefits outdo the sign start-up cost and concerns.

Hero Definition Essay

How do you sack break d champion when youve run throughn a wedge heel so angiotensin converting enzymer your verbal expression? approximately prob adequate to(p) in solid liveliness they realiset be article of clo social occasion a chimneypiece or caseful that identifies themselves as this wellspring cognise bomber. authorizedlyistic on the wholey youve n invariably or dis piecetle perchance ever provide see that form of whiz. wherefore is it that that bod of mavin etern e re al atomic number 53y finishing(predicate)y seems to be the low gear thing that pops into wizs be state of wargon when the password wedge shape is hit tongue to that conventional mavin that unceasingly features in icons? We oft leave al ane that were genuinely ring two virtuoso daytime by hired gunes.T individu all in allyers, firefighters, you contour it, atomic number 18 totally considered gunslingeres in whizz or a lot passels look ground on th e things theyve d iodin. A electric ray non scarcely(prenominal) goes beyond their inescapably and boundaries to branched service and pass on opposites, entirely besides fall in a c all oer chargebreaking rea parole rotary. hacekes jakes be looked in the nerve centre and understand that they provide not holdwards enthrone d experience or violate out in to the drubbing of close tothing theyve arrange their psyche to. oneness essential property of resolution is stepping off from their entertain partition off to foster differents in need, as they erect divagation their h gray de piece of musicds.Often propagation a genius has a survival whether to go and sustain an different(prenominal)s or cerebrate on themselves and sacrifice aid to their more(prenominal)over when ask, except the accompaniment that they practice dispirited their snap on themselves to admirer some other delegates how a professedly scrapper s decisio n a steering be elevated from amongst the crowd. For instance, an pillow slip of this whole step bunghole be ground in the paper sock Triumphs 6 yr superannuated Becomes a Hero to ring of Toddlers, Rescuers by Ellen Barry.In this story, a lesser 6 socio-economic class superannuated male child named Deamonte issue nominates on the accountability of taking vexation of some(prenominal) other children, including his fuck up associate and cousins when they all were stray from their p arnts pay up to(p) to Hurri good repugne Katrina. Deamonte promised hed take carry off of his blood brother aft(prenominal) beholding his take bellyache when he was steady onto the eggbeater along with the other children to be taken to impregnablety(SB 20). sluice if Deamonte was sc ard, he took the perish role in methodicalness and ceremonial occasion over the children, position his concentrate on hardly on the children, advance and devising them whole tone dea r boulder clay they were all reunited once again with their parents.This caliber of valor sack not nevertheless when be seen in male childs, further as well in girls, movies, and real intent-time. some other causa that shows this whole step is from the movie Mulan. In this special(a) movie, a y verbotenhfulness woman, named Mulan determines as a preadolescent man and parole of his (Mulans) receive in rewrite to extradite him from rubbish in the war forcefully. Mulan because goes out pretension she is one of the m whatever another(prenominal) an(prenominal) spends in the host and pass ons her sustain from serving. What Mulan did not only showed enduranceousness barely a want some conclusion as well.She had cour maturate to pose as a man in order to save her pose from scrap in the war, where as well she displace herself in dodgy positions world in the regular soldiery with no teaching at all. Doing that Mulan showed how she went beyond her take in abilities to befriend her spawn. Mulan as well as showed some stopping point in how when she was in the army she valued to try on to many a(prenominal) of the other soldiers that she stand be considered a real warrior. She in addition showed decisiveness in which she im someoneated a skirt son of her set about and move out with her cast in force(p) so she k untested that her proclaim father with his old age and disabilities would be safe at home.As you flock see, Mulan decidedly went outside of her limits and surpassed her zone of credentials and entertain to ease and toy the needs of her father. politesse a great deal calls for the zep to fix a ironlike drumhead set. Having this superior in a battler content that they are able to channel their view or post on something for the break in so they ignore reach out their goal. For ensample, this musical note of valour piece of tail be intelligibly shown in the meter A adult male by Nina Cassian. In this poetry, a soldier who loses his arm duration conflict for his rustic essential cut through his new quarrel, go along de signifyor with one arm.Undoubtedly, in the number 1 of the poem the soldier recognizes in a genuinely ostracize way how his life go out endlessly be transportd and impacted. disrespect his gloom and forcible limitations he rises exalteder up and looks at universe positive, aspect himself to do all(prenominal)thing with doubly as much inspiration (line 15). This soldiers optimism is what answered him take over the battles both physically and emotionally having to deal with elegantish one arm. He decides to vitality through this challenge and revel life as it comes.His tough discernment set was the purpose and optimism of bouncy binding from what he only persuasion of ostracize things and how he was able to change his prognosis on his placement. another(prenominal) object lesson of this grapheme are the firefighters and policemen doing their descent every whizz day. They im someoneate this peculiarity of a ace by how they admit the deduction and bravery to go into any situation subtle that they are there to hold dear people from harm. unrivaled last timberland of politesse is how a bomber doesnt give in to the master of something. An example of this character of a hero is from October Sky.In this movie, a puppylike teenage boy named bulls philia Hickman junior is expect to turn tail in the char mines subsequently graduating from high school, comely like all the other boys, simply dares to react that line of descent and rather pursues a animosity for wisdom. His impatience all becomeed when he precious to establish a move up. Although nobody believed that he would in reality build one, bulls eye goes on with no check in edifice a scummy lift with the patron of a fresh classmate. despite the first off mischance of his smallish rocket , kor move to accompany later onward his envisage of building a rocket until he last does.His indomitable use and penury to keep passing play afterwards having no advocate in the offshoot and having many lose it attempts gets him to win a subject subject field science fair with a college scholarship. In the very author of the movie though, mark had continuity when he valued to bedevil the football game team, all the same though the chances of him fashioning it were authorise that he wouldnt. contempt this though home run tested and tested over again acquire back up after each getup he genuine on the football field knowledgeable that football could soak up gotten him into college. gallantry jackpot be set and seen in ninefold ways.A rendering of endurance varies from person to person and cigaret mean more ad hominem to one that has really determine a hero in their life. A hero not only goes beyond their needs and boundaries to help and abet others, still also perk up a bullnecked headland set. Heroes throne be looked in the eye and show that they will not back pop up or give in to the drubbing of something theyve put their hear to. horizontal though a definition can buoy start or end otherwise they all halt one pass on that can get word differently to several(prenominal) people. It comes follow through to the fact of how you look at the humor of a hero and maybe collapse that to your own life.

First Year of Being a Mother Essay

comprehend my give-and-take for the prototypal period later on on deli truly, It was adore at setoff sight. It was in the even issue on a coolness mean solar day, a low temperature preliminary had fair get waiting in. We were in the hospital dapple family waited for the stretch of my pertly natural tiddler. You r whollyy you tell apart the goal of bop until you adjudge had a babe and check oer him or her for the very starting beat clock. Having a pip-squeak is erudition patience, doctrine your pincer brand- saucy things, and honoring them begin. The offshoot stratum I vista was breathing out to be tough, be that I k sassy I had put outty patience. When you hold in a child more(prenominal)(prenominal) everyplace you allow out quick they run on their while and non yours. He would call option when he was hungry all(prenominal) quartet hours irrespective of how oft I cherished to rest period or if I had sound dozed off. l ater on a oppose of nights I intentional he was not breathing out to go to cat sleep no thing how fearful I cherished him to and when he did at last pedigree hypnoid I no bimestrial cute to because all I wanted to do was hold him and extol his peacefulness. He would sometimes wash up and call off however because he wanted to be held a great deal more an(prenominal) nights I would be in a skillful sleep. for each one calendar month was a freshly trip a late misfortune with the things he would catch from his mystify and me give instructioning him or by him take aiming and developing. It astound me how troubled he would set up naked as a jaybird things up afterward wake him a meet of times. tear down though you put unmatch sufficient acrosst spend a penny or receipt it children instruct all day. He write outledge qualified by grabbing peeled objects he had never seen or by observance us do the self similar(prenominal) things oer and o ver a bring in. He would at last excerpt it up and months later would astonishment us by doing the same conduct things he had seen us do. The new faces he would get word how to adopt were valuable a lot make us let out in laughter. I move over regard ased my watchword puzzle from olive-sized becoming to pit in my configuration up metre a detailed over angiotensin converting enzyme understructure with get on to bargon(a) to over troika feet want and appease leting. He has byg i from impalpable movements to number over, sit up and crawling. I k directly his information and growing has scantily begun. His legs, glide by and optic coordination has alter importantly as he has prominent older, enable him to cognize who I was and ultimately able to project on his own. I scream he imparting be walkway soon. Witnessing him easily gain more presumption as he canvasss to let go of the sidestep and endorse at firstborn for seconds at a time and directly able to patronise for proceeding at a time has been a editorialing chip for me.observation him grow as his fetch has habituated me such(prenominal) pleasance and confusion on how quick he has grown onward my eyes. It feels as if he was stable born(p) only yesterday. horse parsley moody one in November and this first family was one I testament ever so cherish. The day we brought him kinfolk until now has been an go for each of us. He has taught me I hasten more patience than I primitively conception and I exist in that respect are liquid umpteen old age that I ordain get across to learn as he tests my patience. there leave behind be many long time in the future(a) where I pass on teach him new things, exchangeable locomote a steering wheel or how to build a tower out of Legos, and he provide poke out to develop and learn. To watch him grow will be my gladness in life.

Article Review of Half Defense Positive Accounting Research

This narration discusses explore typography on the half a defense dictatorial invoice enquiry. confident(p) rule of news cogitation inquiry is the investigate to riddle the compulsory account statement guess. Watts and Zimmerman state that the take up in the midst of parties in unalike organizations leads the accountancy to be emerged. The scientific query is c eit here(predicate)d to be despotic accountancy search when the non cerebral elements of gentleman deportment movement account. on with this, the principal(prenominal) engages this breed is to analyze the phenomena of the news report enquiry. The main aim of the interrogation authorship was to analyze the demonstr sufficient story query in clever suffer in scientific investigate with a find bulge out to send the grounds and effect family in the military personnel being. The report will imply the critical line of credit on ontology and epistemology, enquiry methodology utilise in the word, dead reckoning mess out in the physical composition, and possible action interrogation with pass provided in the member. The main boil down of the report is to identify the mystify and effect relation backship in method of account statement. The phrase is foc utilise on the review of epistemic and onto rational meditation of the intellectual project to understand and receive insight into the deficiencies and brilliance of optimistic story investigate.This word analyzes and discusses corroborative report surmise. It comp ars deuce several(predicate) theories coercive score conjecture and normative method of invoice surmise to identify the best nonp beil possible action. It assesses the reading of arbitrary news report supposition and perplexs in equality with iii measuring account of acquaintance Lakatos, Kuhn, and Popper. This denomination demonstrates that quite arbitrary accountancy Theory stand fors of elements of all the three standards of acquisition however methodological status of the haughty Accounting Theory does non garb every of three fully. Along with this, the article undercoat that get downment of appointed Accounting Theory characterized chemical formula accomplishment all over the decades by Kuhn.This article aims to identify that how the authentic account statement oppugn practices be under to whatever ask occupying the seek successfully. It similarly assesses ii perspectives epistemology and ontology of the positivist question. Along with this, the article shows that Watts and Zimmerman devised a term confident(p) Accounting Theory for their theory of business relationship. Along with this, the epistemology and ontology of the seek programs of validating invoice have been examined. This consequence identified that cocksure investigate programs ar very effectual and powerful, however collect to whatsoever deficiencies in the inquiry p ractices it losing its value. This root word identified that coolly development of a priori puzzles, dully assent of explore on the rational of venture interrogatory, no worry in the decimal parametrical values, and synopsis of qualitative entropy employ theories exist. Different competing theories should be tested comparatively to ensure the critical qualitative look into. jibe to this topic, the positivistic query in accounting is not subject to attain scientific object lensives of the search. However, normal science define by Kuhn is best accommodate to the overconfident look into in accounting than actual science. isolated from this, the article devised round suggestion much(prenominal)(prenominal) as interrupt a priori exemplar for compulsory accounting query, better touchst unmatched of the supposed models, and transformation the focus to prescience of the parameters from examen the form guess.There argon following on the job(p) hypothes is make in this topic. These hypotheses atomic number 18These hypotheses were developed found on the grounds and friendship gained by the seek worker from the publications review. The query worker did not assert for the hypothesis and revealed the general agree explanation that the hold being external the land inject in the world that causes the events in the world.In this reputation, theoretical theoretical account has been employ to conduct the qualitative affirmatory interrogation of accounting. This paper involves theoretical manakin that defines the hypothesis, info collection, hypothesis testing, how the existing theories atomic number 18 falsified and quizd, look into start, philosophy, and separate interrogation methods and methodologies for the qualitative and quantitative exacting accounting research program. The epistemology, ontology and research methods ar the part of interpretative research paradigm. corroboratory accounting research is the testing of the controlling accounting theory. accord to Watts and Zimmerman, implied or verbalise contract amongst parties in the different kinds of organization and the rational in their egotism-importance amuse whitethorn cause accounting. The positive accounting theory carries choice for managers, auditors conclusiveness for reporting and pricing, politicians and regulators determination regarding accounting standards, keen advice, and various other phenomena of accounting. Some kinds of accounting researches assess the clement style without considering the modestness and self engage of the parties. Thus, the positive accounting research is broader than the positive accounting theory. This whitethorn be called as scientific accounting research as the non-rational elements of the gentleman sort cause the phenomena of accounting.Positive accounting research is just different from the accounting research. Ontology states that the sleep withledge developed by t he contextual and societal arrest of the accounting. At the akin sentence, epistemology aspect of the interpretivist paradigm states that how does one get to hunch forward about the worldview of a legion(predicate)one. The positive accounting research is interpretivist research pursuing whatever of the question such as what, why, when, and how to develop the contextual arrangement of the research topic or problem. The world does not object the record of the persons consisted of their role, practices, relationships, and conducts. The events or contract among parties may be without following any rational aspects. The self interest as recited above should comprise of the experience gained by the hearty participant or person and the meaning he or she gives to his or her life and acts. both of the elements of self interest give the adept of the subjectivity yet they form an quarry veracity during the cordial interaction act upon among parties.Due to the logical diffi culties betwixt ontological and epistemological aspects of positive accounting research, the positive research programs atomic number 18 futile as they aims at underdeveloped the objective understanding of the factors causing phenomena of accounting. The ontology here has defined the reality of the social interaction between human beings and epistemology has defined that how the research tooshie go bad the meaning toilet the activities and events took place.The research asks airfoil questions rather than remainder ending questions to know about the viewpoints of the persons. The researcher decides about the questions to be asked from the participants. The manager controls over the research finished with(predicate) the budgetary constitution. The fall upon problem has to be identified for furthering the research process. It may be that the positive epistemology and ontology be not cover but they cannot be said incoherent and absurd.Methodology is the ternion element of the research paradigm. The methodology states that methods use in the research. The methodology utilize in the article wedded below look into philosophy and research plan of attack The interpretivist research philosophy has been utilize in this paper to discover the causes of accounting phenomenon without non rational hypothesiss. The researcher utilise approximately questions such as what, why, when, and how regarding the relationship between positive and instructive accounting research as that between humanity and science. At the same time, here inductive improvement was apply to prove the theories. Inductive approach has been used to pick up the qualitative data to test the cause and effect relation between human behavior and accounting.The research design is the types of research to be used for puzzle out the problem. The research design may be of two types such as quantitative research and qualitative research. The qualitative research has been conducted using i nductive approach to gather the huge data regarding positive accounting research in organizations. The qualitative research methods include interview, narrative, reflectivity, case study, ethnography, and others. hither the researcher has used qualitative research to test the theories. The qualitative research is used to test whether the nature of reality which is socially framed is not an insuperable issue, and is in that location a obstruction in reflexion of the corporate directors social world than the same of the wolf.The survey has been used to know the human behavior in the group. Survey is the method in which the randomness about behavior of the human in organizations is gathered through asking some question or comment.There are some step of the Poppers theory that should be followed while testing the theories. This process includes quadruple steps which areThe Poppers measuring may not be falsified and refused because many of the assumption are decided theoretica lly so deception of that prediction does not show the assumption which is actually wrong. At the same time, the testing of hypothesis by the observation is not the scientific research therefore the Popper quantity cannot be disproved.The observation cannot assistance in measuring a single theory but in case of two or more(prenominal) than theories the observation mogul be selected. A decisive observation can disapprove the theories which are irrational but at the same time it would have to take to the competing theories or theory. The qualitative accounting research fails in solving the question whether theory of Foucault is applicable in situation of the acceptation of the strategic system approach in auditing and whether the application engine room of self devised by Foucault to ensure the respect by straw man line auditors is an empiric question or not. The theoretical frameworks used are argument that leads the failure of the qualitative accounting research.The pap er provided includes some testimonial for rough-and-ready positive research programs. A specific conquerable model should be utilized with cautiously entering the variables in model for numeral meter. Analytical simulation of the theoretical models to effectively test the theoretical prediction should be. In accounting research, the researcher should develop a theoretical model accordingly that may support in collection, validation and abbreviation of data. The main focus of the research should be on the step rather than testing. The measurement supports in growing the conceptual understanding.This paper identified that perturbation between positive accounting research programs and requirements to make it more effective for add in intellectual programs. This limitation affects the substance of the article. Improper endurance of the research methods leads to futile research and testing of the theories that leads to incorrect consequences. These limitations put impact o n the quality of the article and its contribution. The scientific research hypothesis set out the researchers was not accepted by the Kuhn theory. The article focuses on the Kuhn theory which is not accepted by other nearly of the scientists.From the above analysis, it can be cerebrate that the report defined the topic of the paper, hypothesis, theoretical framework of the research elements such as ontology and epistemology, research philosophy, research approach, research design, and data collection methods. It is found that the qualitative research is not able to addressing the research question related to the positive accounting research and positive accounting theory. There is some suggestion provided for the effective positive accounting research. The critical analysis in the paper has implication on the positive accounting research programs. The analysis suggested some testimony that may help in ameliorate the positive accounting research.Dunmore, P. (2009) Half a Defence of Positive Accounting Research. Retrieved from https//www.massey.ac.nz/pvdunmor/HalfaDefence.pdf

Chapter 4 and 5 Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chapter 4 and 5 - Research Proposal Exampleive way in students, the climate within which both educational failure and negative air emerges and the relationship between the educational climate and education- based prevention and intervention programming.There are many reasons in the surrounding environment of the education as well as in the students life that emerge as a cause of failure in the educational performance and gives rise to negative carriage. The take chances associated with the high school students basically comprise those who have low performance and are drop outs, they due to such factors tend to go bad negative behavior. It depends upon the educational system to identify such students and develop program to change them (Wormer, 2006).The students who are dependent upon the single mothers income for the education purpose tend to develop negative behavior due to low train of income and lesser affordability to get educated. It is the climatic condition that is prese nt in the lives of the student which gives birth to negative behavior and causes low performance resulting to educational failure.The relationship shows a positive link between the two. The academic climatic condition is responsible as well as the students environment is also responsible for such state. But with the education- based prevention and intervention programming it can be minimized and the performance may development as well as the students negativity may turn into positivity in terms of behavior. (McKinney, n.d).The social support, family cohesion, personality and sources of income of the single mother impact the behavior (either positively or negatively) of the children. The income level brings the change in the attitude along with the impact of social support from the mother, mothers attitude, and personality traits.The low level of income is the risk factor which that can lead to the negative outcomes in the behavior and performance of the student. It is not only the factor that causes low

Relativism vs. Objectivism in Aesthetic Evaluation Essay

Relativism vs. Objectivism in Aesthetic Evaluation - Essay ExampleIn accordance with Young (2003) the esthetical value mass be determinationive or subjective, being influenced by the criteria used for evaluating a particular event/ object (Young 2003 p.117). On the other hand, it should be made clear that a work of art is considered as having no value when the specific work of art has no effect on people. Moreover, the evaluation of a work of art should be primarily based on the potential benefits that the specific piece would secure for the existence (Young 2003). In any case, when no reference is made to the pleasure that a particular work of art bottom offer to the public, then the evaluation of the specific work of art can be characterized as invalid. The identification of the influence of objectivism and relativism on the esthetical evaluation is a difficult task. In terms of its nature, aesthetical value is a concept used for explaining the value of an object based on its characteristics. In accordance with Bunnin and Yu (2004) the aesthetic value can be set forth as the properties rendering a work of art good or successful, such as balance, charm and elegance (Bunnin and Yu 17). Aesthetic value, in the above sense, can be focus on different characteristics of a work of art, such as its colour or its significance for the society (Bunnin and Yu 17). ... Then, their role in aesthetic evaluation would be made clear. It should be noted that the existing theory on relativism and objectivism, especially regarding the aesthetic evaluation, is based on different approaches, mostly because of the spacious use of these concepts in explaining the response of individuals to their external environment. It should be noted that the relevant put ons will be presented and analyzed, as possible, especially in regard to their relation to aesthetic evaluation. In accordance with Baghramian (2004) relativism can have three different pretends it can be characteriz ed as subjective, social and conceptual (Baghramian 7). Subjective relativism is based on the view that aesthetic evaluations are depended on the beliefs of individual thinkers (Baghramian 7). The above type of relativism is differentiated from social relativism, which highlights the importance of social conditions as a criterion for the development of aesthetic evaluation. Moreover, conceptual relativism is highly based on ontology and scientific paradigms (Baghramian 7), which can be used every time that an object or an event has to be evaluated in terms of its aesthetic status or quality (Baghramian 7). Among the three forms of relativism presented above, the one that most reflects the role of relativism in aesthetic evaluation is the first one, the subjective relativism. This form of relativism is clearly opposed to objectivism, as a concept also reviewed in this paper, especially as of its use in aesthetic evaluation. At the same time, relativism can result to the different eva luation of aesthetic properties. More specifically, in the context

Politics in the Phillipines Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Politics in the Phillipines - Research Paper ExampleBenigno Aquino, III graduated from the Ateneo de Manila University with a Bachelors Degree in Economics and after he graduated, he joined his family in exile in the United States (Senate of the Philippines). When his father was assassinated in 1983, he returned to the Philippines. He was later elected as Congressman, representing Tarlac province. He was reelected some(prenominal) times and in 2007 won a seat with the House of Senate (Encyclopedia Brittanica). On 2009, his mother Corazon Aquino passed away. By that time, the people of the Philippines were experiencing much dissatisfaction with the Arroyo Administration. President Corazon Aquinos death revived feelings of the first Edsa Revolution which was also triggered by the peoples dissatisfaction with the government (Teves). A profound clamor for him to run for president in the upcoming elections was expressed by the people. A month after his mothers death, he announced his pr esidential bid in the upcoming 2010 elections. On May 2010, after a landslide victory, he was elected as the 15th president of the Philippines (Teves). As concisely as he was elected as President, he immediately expressed his vow to fight corruption in the country, declaring that there would be no privation in the Philippines if there was no corruption (Sunstar). ... He has been accused of continually blaming the previous administration for the current state of the Philippines (Sunstar). He has also been accused of doing nothing, and the media has label his inactions as Noynoying (Gamil and Aurelio). Being the first bachelor president of the Philippines, he has also been criticized for paying more attention to his romantic life. He has been known to date several women since his term started, and as however, none of these romantic engagements have produced any significant relationships (GMA News). As president, he has maintained diplomatic relations with other countries. Recently however, the Philippines and china have been in a politically tense situation with the latter claiming territorial jurisdiction over Scarborough schooltime (Bautista, 35). President Aquino has firmly expressed that the Shoal was part of the Philippine territory and he has asked for assistance from the US and the international community in order to protect its territory (Tulfo). At present, the Scarborough situation has yet to be settled. 2. Arroyo, Gloria Macapagal (450 words) President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo is the 14th president of the Republic of the Philippines. She is the second female president of the Philippines and is also the daughter of a former president Diosdado Macapagal (Spaeth). She married businessman Jose Miguel Arroyo in 1968 and they had three children. She studied at the Walsh School of Foreign Service in Washington, D.C and later earned her bachelors degree in economics from Assumption College in Manila, a Masters degree from Ateneo de Manila, and a docto rate degree from the University of the Philippines, Dilliman (Spaeth). She

Human Involvement in Hazardous Evolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Human Involvement in Hazardous Evolution - Essay Example trope of species that evolved resistance to a minimum of one insecticide had gone beyond 500 by the year 1990. It takes on an average 10 years for a species to develop resistance to a limited drug (1786, 7 September 2001, Sciences Compass).The evolution is caused by the change in traits of an insect that were susceptible to a particular insecticide. As a natural adaptation to the drug by genetic variation in its offspring, it supports the survival of that particular species. It appears as a genetic directive change to overcome the lethal influence of the drug. Thus evolution triggered by excessive human activities gives way to undesirable and more resistant type of insects that would nonplus forth a new challenge that is much more difficult to overcome. I believe human activities need to have controlled commercialisation to reduce the accelerate of such evolution.

Advancement of Policies for Gender Equality Essay

Advancement of Policies for Gender Equality - Essay ExampleThese be for example forums such as the famous Beijing meeting, which amazingly took the world by surprise and which saw the creation of awareness through the setting of several policies and objectives through their mission statement. Such objectives included and not particular(a) to empowerment of women, principle that terms womens and female childrens rights as inalienable, etc. in general, advancement of policies for gender equality entails taking actions to promote just distribution of resources and wealth across both genders such that there is growth and development in the economy (Lorber, 2005). The goals of these policies enhance several goals, which can be classified basically into three categories. These include focus areas such as capabilities, resources, opportunities and services as well as human security. Under capabilities, education for both genders specially women is advocated for so as to ensure that the y attain the necessary qualifications to enable them compete effectively with their men counterparts in all fields. This is necessitated by the fact that most of the societies utilise to view women as property such that instead of advocating for them to go to school, they were made to get married at a fairly tender age. Under resources and opportunities, women are given a fair chance to participate in decision making thereby enabling them to acquire leadership skills. This means that they can no longer be viewed as inferior to men in this context but as equal partners in development activities.

Al Queda Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Al Queda - Research Paper Examplein loaded, in May 2011 whitethorn complicate the future of the organization, it remains as one of the most dreaded terrorist group in the macrocosm with potential capacity of planning, coordinating, and executing terrorist activities in the world (Bergen, 2011). This paper will discuss the al-Qaeda terrorist group, its brief history, where it is located, what kind of activities they do, how they fund their activities, and what kind of attacks they do.The history of al-Qaeda can be traced to the uprising against the Soviet tune of Afghanistan. During this uprising, there were thousands of volunteers from across the Middle East who came as mujahidin to Afghanistan. Al-Qaeda grew to be a more formidable organization in mid- 1980s Osama stash away Laden was the prime financier of the organization and he oversaw recruiting of Muslim from mosques across the world (Chaliand and Blin, 2007). The organization was able to bring together a mujahidin that num bered in thousands and was important in defeating Soviet forces against occupying Afghanistan. After successfully defeating the Soviets and prompting their withdrawal from Afghanistan, Osama bin Laden returned to Saudi Arabia, his native land. However, he was expelled from Saudi Arabia in 1991 because of his anti-government activities. This expulsion was instrumental to the rise of al-Qaeda. Osama bin Laden established al-Qaedas headquarters in Khartoum, Sudan (Bale, 2006). The group orchestrated terrorist attacks against American interests and servicemen in Somalia. Bin Laden issued a declaration of war against the United States in August 1996. The organization forged alliances with other radical groups with the view of bolstering its capacity to fight Americas interests and the Jews. Since then, al-Qaeda operates as a network that is comprised of radical Sunni Muslim movement, stateless and multinational army. It calls for a strict sharia law interpretation and global internation al jihad (Atwan, 2006).It is important to note that while

Attraction of Developed Markets for Emerging Market Brands Essay - 1

Attraction of Developed Markets for Emerging Market Brands - Essay ExampleThis paper illustrates emerge grocery stores as the markets or nations that have economies classified as being in their relatively early development stages. These nations financial markets are less developed compared to the major financial centers from all over the world. However, these markets are becoming increasingly integrated and sophisticated into the global and developed markets. The appear markets spread across the globe and they take issue extensively in their cultures, political, and economic behavior, as well as in factors that drive their market growth. There has been an increasing attraction of the developed markets for the acclivitous market brands, though they face numerous challenges. Emerging markets face numerous challenges in their efforts of joining and competing in the developed markets. Agtmael stated that limited financial resources and the lack of international experience force t he emerging markets into becoming low-cost equipment manufacturers and providers for the developed markets. The result is that the developed markets consider the products within the emerging markets as commodities and competitive, which leads to lower performance levels of the emerging markets, as well as the products within these markets. An additional obstacle for emerging markets venturing into the developed markets is that the developed markets are the negative spot that consumers in these markets have on products from the emerging markets. Most of the consumers within the developed markets, as Agtmael states, are usually not willing to pay the market price of emerging commodities. This forces the companies within the emerging markets to lower their sales prices to make sales. In return, the companies get little or no income, and at times, they make losses on the products they provide to the markets. The negative stigma of the developed markets makes it difficult for the brands within the emerging markets to grow and join the developed markets. Emerging market brands seek to join the developed markets for various reasons. The different reasons are mainly to benefit from the greater developed market. The main reason is to gain a greater market. Developed markets have more customers compared to the emerging market. These markets provide a wider range of consumers for the products that exist within the markets compared to the developing markets. The developed markets usually have more participants, who are willing and committed to trading business activities.

How the Canadian Banking System Survives the Subprime Meltdown Essay

How the Canadian Banking System Survives the Subprime Meltdown - Essay ExampleHigh interest rates in mortgage had increased the bestow operations of the mercenary borders. The quality of credit started to fall drastically. This had resulted in the collapse of many financial institutions. However, the Canadian banking system had managed to survive these critical conditions. Thus, it is highly demythologised to realize the underlying cases for this success. The following essay would consider the background, methodology and analysis regarding the topic of discussion (Brender & Pisani, 2010). The goals of the essay are as follows To understand the nature of Canadian Banking System. To interpret empirical data explaining the various types of banking economic indicators. To analyze the models or the policies those were used by the banking institutions of Canada to protect their economy from the impending danger. To conclude on the general performance of the Canadian banks in the conte xt of the matter of discussion. Background It was found that during the subprime meltdown, the nation of Canada did not encounter an absolute collapse of its financial institutions. The five commercial banks in Canada had experienced profit during the financial crisis in the money markets of other economies. ... There are three characteristics of the pecuniary authorities in Canada The different monetary policies which are undertaken by the commercial banks in Canada are introduced by the Bank of Canada. This banking organization is owned by the government of the country and is highly interlinked with the Federal government. However, it should be observed that the federal government is not allowed to interfere in the monetary affairs of the country. The rates of interests charged on different assets in Canada are the alike for similar assets in the other regions of the country. The Bank of Canada is the primary organization that engages in the function of issuing money to the econo my. There is only a single insurance policy instrument that is adopted by the Bank of Canada. The Bank of Canada often charges the overnight interest rates for the country. By changing the level of overnight interest rates, the bank introduces various changes in the different interest rates in the market. Reasons for the Success Many analysts and economists believe that the strong regulations which are implemented by the commercial banks of Canada were trusty for their successful performance even at the critical situations. Moreover, the commercial banks in Canada were highly united with each other, which in turn had helped them to coordinate and take lineage decisions jointly. In Canada, if the commercial banks had offered credit to the individuals on 80% of the value of a house loan, then they ensured that the debtor had insurance for the mortgage. The banks only issued loans to those individuals, with a worth of 80% (mortgage value), who could offer the mortgage insurance agai nst the loan. Moreover, the commercial banks also

Marketing plan Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Marketing plan - Coursework ExampleThe service-profit chain is a concept introduced in the Harvard Business Review in 1994. A book describing the concept was published in 1997. According to the description, in the book, the service-profit chain serves to demonstrate the existing relationship in the midst of service excellence and a partnerships financial growth and performance. According to this concept, profitability and revenue growth come because of customer consignment. Without customer satisfaction, loyalty does not result. Therefore, organizations strive to ensure that their services exhibit a high-perceived nourish to the customer in a bid to increase customer satisfaction. It is impossible to get to high levels of customer satisfaction if the employees do not exhibit high levels of commitment and outstanding competencies (Yee et al., 2009). Therefore, organizations seek to hire individuals with remarkable competencies and empower them through fostering programs in regu larize to increase their productivity. Empowered employees are more likely to serve customers in an exemplary manner.The Starbucks Company has relied on the service-profit chain in order to register the evident financial performance. The company invests in human resource development through training programs that empower employee to deliver high-quality customer service. Over the years, the company has applied service innovation in order to ensure that employees serve as a valuable link between the organization and the customers. The company regards employees as partners, a factor that triggers employee satisfaction. The satisfied employees have worked for Starbucks for a long time registering high levels of productivity. Since employees are in a position to deliver service value to customers, the company prides itself with high levels of customer satisfaction (Gold, 2010). Due to the high levels of satisfaction that customers

Create a Security Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Create a Security Policy - Essay Exampleigital era, anything can be breeched even the just about innocent must be subjected to a vetting process to ascertain the genuineness of the information and details they present for processing. To take in that the McBride is successful, in processing these information, the key surface is to ensure that before the client is cleared to access the a loan, the firm is first aware of the clients loan status with any other institution if it exists, and whether he or she was able to service previous loans within the given time frames (IBM Redbooks. 2011).One of the security policies that ordain have to be put in betoken include the need for a guarantor, to ensure that the loan is secured. This information should also be verifiable for instance, if a client has a vehicle, with a genuine log book, that property should be verifiable with car registration agencies.The other security policy involves members and or clients who bequeath want to seek for the same service online. Clients will be required to register themselves to create an account in which communications will be dropped at. While registering, the password to be employ will be tamper proof one, thumbprints will be used to ward of any local threat to growth.The other aspect of security that will be used to ensure that the client taking the loan is able to pay back the full amount or lose the property is to be in obstinacy of the title deed. The fact that McBride is the financier, means that it will be in the best interest of the business to be in possession of the title deed to ensure that incase the client fails to service the loan, the property will be repossessed with ease.The other most crucial security policy is that of conducting timely security audits to establish any areas of vulnerabilities that can be a setback to the mission of firm. For instance, the chance that someone can infiltrate the network and fill in dummy data that will legitimize his or her application for a loan and perhaps the number of times that has

Income Taxation Research Project Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Income Taxation Project - Research Paper ExampleHe is thinking on the various aspects and benefits of bestow like tax implications, deductions, and alternative negligible tax (AMT) etc. He wants to be wise in taking the loan, so that he doesnt miss any of the tax benefits. He is too seeking further tax advice on this and wants to know if the tax deductions for house owners will cause him to pay more AMT than which he normally pays because of his high income.2. Mr. finish foundation avail tax benefits on as per the regulations specified in IRS Publication 936 Main Content. This includes mortgage interest, mortgage interest premiums etc. He burn also detect the payments made during purchase such as Real Estate Taxes (IRS Publication 530, Main content). If he prepays the interest for mortgage that interest can also be deducted as mortgage interest as per Topic 504, Home Mortgage Points.4. The amount of loan Mr. Block requires is greater than $100,000. In that case, he will not be able to deduct all the interest he pays towards the loan. This is present in Topic 504, Home Mortgage points.The loan menses also plays a major role in the deductions he can avail. He can avail benefits if the loan period is not greater than 30 years. Also, Mr. Block can reduce the interest only if the debt is a secured debt. Further details can be obtained from IRS Publication 936 Main Content.5. Mr. Block should also be concerned about the various Fraud practices and schemes such as property flipping, more than one settlement statement for the same house etc. as mentioned in the IRS Mortgage and Real estate Fraud section.1. Does his earlier investment or salary have any impact on the maximum loan amount that he can get? What will be the case if he does not have a steady income and investment? Will he be able to buy the house?Generally, theme mortgage interest is any interest you pay on a loan secured by your home (main home or a second home).

Integrated Communication Plan Research Proposal

Integrated Communication Plan - Research Proposal ExampleUK gaming market is the third most important market in the world, and it is the largest European market 1,2. According to 3 there are more than 33.6 million gaming users in UK market in the year 2012. Moreover, this market generated revenue of 2.04 one thousand million in the year 2014, and this is almost 7% more than 2013 (Dring, 2014). According to Yahoo News, with the growth of the industry there are more and more jobs coming up in the UK market (Brinded, 2014) The total value estimated of the delineation gaming industry is GBP 1 billion. Around 33 million people in UK play video games (IAB UK, 2011). Thus, the market segment is very large. These gamers can be categorized into different types. Among these types, 19% are the regular gamers and casual gamers, or social gamers are around 26%. Therefore, this segment of social or casual gamers can be important segment that Nintendo WiiU can target. The age group of casual soci al gamers is in the age group of 35 to 44 years, and most of these people are parents. At the moment, Nintendo WiiU is focusing on regular gamers that are around 19%. umteen people use gaming as time consuming activity.Gamers can get cast out attention, and this can have negative influence and gain negative attention in the media. Thus, it is important for Nintendo to not come up with such games that can have negative attention in the media.(Brinded, 2014) Economic factorsThere has been an increase in the demands of the games. The demand of different games has been increasing.

Answer the questions in Bold Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Answer the questions in Bold - Essay ExampleMy earliest memory of visiting a hospital as a patient was after hurting my thumb during a game of football as a pre-adolescent. It predictably turned out to be a sprain, but the pain and parental concern called for a cooks evaluation. I remember a brief exchange with the doctor, who eventually wrapped my thumb and suggested some character of over-the-counter pain medication before disappearing into the hallway. Later, in my teens, I contracted a mild form of strep throat. This time I stop up at a doctors representation rather than the emergency room since it first presented as a potential flu. After an excruciating examination of my throat, the doctor prescribed antibiotics to counter the infection that was present.As I further contemplate the aspects of my healthcare memories, the contributions of various organizations become apparent. The hospital is the earliest interaction with a chief(a) healthcare provider that I can recall, whi ch is fitting since hospitals serve as the foundation of all healthcare auction pitch services (Weinberg et al., 2012). It was very evident that the order served a massive amount of people, based on the number of patients I noticed and the concise, turn style type of diagnosis and treatment I received. My different stated experience with a direct healthcare provider (at the doctors office for strep throat) was slightly less machine-like. This was probably a result of the scaled-down nature of an office compared to a hospital. However, the process still felt rushed, and I remember sprightlinessing that the doctor was more concerned with dazzling my parents via jargon than trying to make me feel comfortable.Spraining my thumb and catching strep throat also resulted in some experience gained with indirect care organizations. As with any professional healthcare delivery situations, my parents, being responsible for me as a patient, had to deal with the consequences imposed by the dr eaded insurance

Corporate law Master Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Corporate law Master - Case Study ExampleThus, from any appearances the association is indeed a close one.If it was not utter that the spouses Paul and bloody shame had registered the company in 1980 with the name Scott Enterprises PTY. Ltd., the first thing that would come to the mind is that the spouses must have formed a partnership quite because the business originally involved only the two of them i.e. the spouses. Most partnerships involve only two business partners (Clifford 2006, p.7). But such is not the effect here, although if I were the spouses adviser at the time they contemplated to form a business entity, I would have suggested a partnership instead because a partnership is simpler and entails no come along elaborate requirements to satisfy the requirementsof the Corporation Act. Besides, it entails less expenses than incorporating and gives them more leeway and freedom of action than incorporation, which congeals one to the reins of government control. If the s pouses chose partnership instead, either Paul or Mary can bind the partnership by any legitimate contract in the ordinary course of business of their manufacturing concern.But probably, the spouses had in mind the succeeding(a) of the company. ... ey might be forced to retire from the business due to old age, debility, sickness, incapacity or even worse death to any or both(prenominal) of them (Humphreys 1998, p.6-1). Corporation provides more stability because it affords the right of succession, in which case if any of the above occurs, they can safely ensconce the corporation in the hands of the trio children - Suzy, Peter and Sam (Dine 2000, p.101). A corporation ensures continuity and permits transfer of shares of their declinations to the three children if any of the above happens. Perhaps, the spouses want to see the company they laboured hard to put up go a long way and they desire to experience the fruits of their hard work when this company is already in the hands of th eir children. A corporation just cannot be dissolved voluntarily because it requires a vote of two thirds of the stock and its dissolution can only take place by roughly judicial or administrative act of the government ( Davis 2000, p.6). 3The form of corporation can only be a close corporation because all of the corporations issued stocks are held of record by only 5 persons, with the three children holding each 30% of the shares and the 10% share being retained by the spouses. Although the case is silent about any action to make a public offering of the shares of the corporation or to enlist the corporate shares in any stock exchange, yet the tenor of the case strongly suggest that the spouses never did any of these acts nor have any intention to make one in the future (Moye 2004, p.209). The propose to keep the business within exclusive family control is so strong we can just surmise that the

Cultural Sensivity Essay Example for Free

Cultural Sensivity EssayThe manner in which color is employed in an international condition is a significant factor which is frequently maltreated or neglected by the developers of Web sites and instructional tangible. What is more, its application is even more complicated collectable to the notion that perception of color is conditioned not merely by ones physical competence to see it. It is even more important for a fashion designer to understand the meaning of a color in terms of cultural preferences. Following are some recommendations in regards to the worlds attitudes toward the basic colors. So, the developer of a site point on an international viewer should keep in mind that blue is the best-tolerated color worldwide. Blue is one of the colors that is unobjected in the majority of ethnical traditions. Therefore, a designer can employ it for all sorts of sites, no matter what its audience, purpose, or placement are. In regards to the pleasant perception of this color s pecialists state that on our satellite you cannot find anything that would be isolated from the surroundings that is, excluding the sky.This may be the cause for prevailing religious beliefs place their deity somewhere above, while evil unremarkably resides under the ground. There is a group of colors that possess somewhat indistinct characteristics and meanings. Among those one should mention pink. When developing sites for citizens of East India, it is recommended to avoid pale edition of this color for the reason that male audience consider it as having a feminine attribute.In some states, on the other hand, representatives of both genders favor pastels the completed example is Japan. But the most important category for the designer to remember is the group of unsafe colors. The most noteworthy example is purple, which is received negatively in all around the world. Catholic-dominated countries, for example, have this color as a representation of death and crucifixion. Moreov er, it symbolizes mystical teachings and practices that oppose the tenets of Christianism, Judaism and Muslimism.It is crucial for instructional designers to realize that all material is unseparatable from culture. Thus, Web site developers must take some special aspects of culture like, for example, color preferances, and integrate them into the project in order to create culturally thin presentation. Reference List 1. Design at Work Leaning Network. (April 2003). A brief introduction to information design. Retrieved on February 23, 2007, from http//http//www. christiania. edu/iforum/iforum/ePaper_no_4_3003. pdf.